一本教材：人教版 2025 新版《Go for it!》，初中 6 册，共 44 个主题单元 + 预备篇 + 2 个戏剧单元。
- 七年级：打地基 —— 字母、be 动词、一般现在时、方位介词、现在进行时、一般过去时
- 八年级：上台阶 —— 一般将来时、比较级、被动语态、现在完成时、定语从句
- 九年级：冲中考 —— 过去完成时、宾语从句、虚拟语气、综合读写与写作
初中英语的本质：词汇是砖，语法是梁，句型是架，阅读写作是墙。四者缺一，房子立不住。
| 板块 | 分值 | 得分要点 |
|---|---|---|
| 听力 | 30 分 | 辨音、抓关键词、预判选项、跟读仿说 |
| 笔试 | 90 分 | 词汇语法(单选/填空)、完形、阅读理解、书面表达 |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hello | int. | 你好 | |
| name | n. | 名字 | |
| book | n. | 书 | |
| pen | n. | 钢笔 | |
| pencil | n. | 铅笔 | |
| ruler | n. | 尺子 | |
| box | n. | 盒子 | |
| key | n. | 钥匙 | |
| map | n. | 地图 | |
| one | num. | 一 | |
| good | adj. | 好的 | |
| morning | n. | 早晨 |
| 字母 | 小写 | 注意形近 |
|---|---|---|
| b | b | 别把 b 写成 d |
| d | d | b / d 镜像 |
| p | p | p / q 镜像 |
| q | q | 注意开口方向 |
| f | f | 上伸下伸 |
| g | g | 下半格收尾 |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hello | int. | 你好 | |
| good | adj. | 好的 | |
| morning | n. | 早晨 | |
| afternoon | n. | 下午 | |
| evening | n. | 傍晚 | |
| name | n. | 名字 | |
| fine | adj. | 舒适的 | |
| thank | v. | 谢谢 | |
| please | int. | 请 | |
| friend | n. | 朋友 | |
| your | pron. | 你的 | |
| meet | v. | 遇见 |
| 形式 | 搭配 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| am | I + am | I am a student. |
| is | 三单/单数 + is | She is my friend. |
| are | 复数/you + are | You are nice. |
| 缩写 | I'm / He's / They're | I'm fine. Thanks. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| family | n. | 家庭 | |
| parents | n. | 父母 | |
| father | n. | 父亲 | |
| mother | n. | 母亲 | |
| brother | n. | 兄弟 | |
| sister | n. | 姐妹 | |
| grandma | n. | 奶奶 | |
| grandpa | n. | 爷爷 | |
| cousin | n. | 堂/表亲 | |
| aunt | n. | 姑/姨 | |
| uncle | n. | 叔/伯 | |
| photo | n. | 照片 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 名词所有格 | 名词 + 's | This is my mother's photo. |
| there be(单) | There is + 单数 | There is a book on the desk. |
| there be(复) | There are + 复数 | There are five people in my family. |
| 就近原则 | there be 与最近主语一致 | There is a pen and two books. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| school | n. | 学校 | |
| classroom | n. | 教室 | |
| teacher | n. | 老师 | |
| student | n. | 学生 | |
| book | n. | 书 | |
| pencil | n. | 铅笔 | |
| desk | n. | 书桌 | |
| computer | n. | 电脑 | |
| library | n. | 图书馆 | |
| playground | n. | 操场 | |
| bag | n. | 书包 | |
| room | n. | 房间 |
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 在……里 | The book is in the bag. |
| on | 在……上(接触面) | The pen is on the desk. |
| under | 在……下 | The cat is under the chair. |
| where | 问地点(答用 in/on/under) | Where is my book? — It's on the desk. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| subject | n. | 学科 | |
| Chinese | n. | 语文 | |
| English | n. | 英语 | |
| math | n. | 数学 | |
| music | n. | 音乐 | |
| art | n. | 美术 | |
| favourite | adj. | 最喜爱的 | |
| why | adv. | 为什么 | |
| because | conj. | 因为 | |
| class | n. | 课 | |
| lesson | n. | 一堂课 | |
| love | v. | 热爱 |
| 要点 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 三单加 -s/-es | 主语三单, 动词加 -s/-es | He likes English. She watches TV. |
| 否定/疑问 | 借助 does, 动词还原 | Does he like math? — Yes, he does. |
| 频度副词 | always/usually/often/sometimes/never | I always do my homework. |
| 位置 | 频度副词: be 后 / 实义动词前 | She is always happy. She often sings. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| club | n. | 俱乐部 | |
| music | n. | 音乐 | |
| art | n. | 艺术 | |
| chess | n. | 国际象棋 | |
| swim | v. | 游泳 | |
| dance | v. | 跳舞 | |
| sing | v. | 唱歌 | |
| join | v. | 加入 | |
| hobby | n. | 爱好 | |
| talent | n. | 才艺 | |
| can | mod. v. | 能 | |
| play | v. | 演奏/打 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| can | 情态动词, 后接原形, 无人称变化 | I can sing and dance. |
| can 否定/疑问 | can't / Can you...? | Can you play the piano? — No, I can't. |
| like doing | 喜欢做某事(习惯/爱好) | I like swimming. She loves reading. |
| play + 乐器/球类 | play the + 乐器; play + 球类(无 the) | play the guitar / play basketball |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| get up | phr. | 起床 | |
| breakfast | n. | 早餐 | |
| morning | n. | 上午 | |
| lunch | n. | 午餐 | |
| afternoon | n. | 下午 | |
| dinner | n. | 晚餐 | |
| homework | n. | 作业 | |
| sleep | v. | 睡觉 | |
| usually | adv. | 通常 | |
| 整点 | n. | 整点(time) | |
| time | n. | 时间 | |
| every | adj. | 每个 |
| 表达 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| o'clock | 整点 | It's seven o'clock. |
| half past | 过半点 | It is half past six. (6:30) |
| a quarter to/past | 差/过一刻 | It is a quarter to eight. (7:45) |
| 作息搭配 | get up / have breakfast / go to bed | I get up at six thirty every day. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| birthday | n. | 生日 | |
| month | n. | 月份 | |
| January | n. | 一月 | |
| March | n. | 三月 | |
| May | n. | 五月 | |
| October | n. | 十月 | |
| date | n. | 日期 | |
| number | n. | 数字 | |
| present | n. | 礼物 | |
| cake | n. | 蛋糕 | |
| party | n. | 聚会 | |
| happy | adj. | 开心的 |
| 要点 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 月份 | 首字母大写, 前用 in | My birthday is in May. |
| 日期 | 月 + 序数词(前用 on) | It's on May 1st. |
| 基数→序数 | 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th... | the first / the second / the third |
| 生日问句 | When is your birthday? | My birthday is on October 1st. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| animal | n. | 动物 | |
| pet | n. | 宠物 | |
| dog | n. | 狗 | |
| cat | n. | 猫 | |
| rabbit | n. | 兔子 | |
| feed | v. | 喂养 | |
| cage | n. | 笼子 | |
| paw | n. | 爪子 | |
| tail | n. | 尾巴 | |
| care | n./v. | 照顾 | |
| owner | n. | 主人 | |
| rescue | v. | 营救 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 比较级 | adj. + -er / more + adj. | A dog is smarter than a cat. |
| 最高级 | the + adj. + -est / most | The elephant is the strongest. |
| than | 与……比(比较级后) | She is taller than me. |
| be good at | 擅长(后接 doing) | He is good at playing with animals. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rule | n. | 规则 | |
| must | mod. v. | 必须 | |
| mustn't | mod. v. | 禁止 | |
| listen | v. | 听 | |
| quiet | adj. | 安静的 | |
| arrive | v. | 到达 | |
| late | adj. | 迟的 | |
| follow | v. | 遵守 | |
| break | v. | 违反 | |
| order | n. | 秩序 | |
| school | n. | 学校 | |
| classroom | n. | 教室 |
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定祈使句 | 动词原形开头 | Listen to the teacher. |
| 否定祈使句 | Don't + 动词原形 | Don't run in the classroom. |
| must | 必须/应该(义务) | We must follow the rules. |
| mustn't | 禁止(强烈否定) | You mustn't be late for class. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| healthy | adj. | 健康的 | |
| fit | adj. | 健壮的 | |
| exercise | n./v. | 锻炼 | |
| run | v. | 跑步 | |
| swim | v. | 游泳 | |
| sport | n. | 运动 | |
| habit | n. | 习惯 | |
| weight | n. | 体重 | |
| strong | adj. | 强壮的 | |
| train | v. | 训练 | |
| body | n. | 身体 | |
| energy | n. | 精力 |
| 要点 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 频度副词 | always / usually / often / sometimes / never | I usually exercise every day. |
| how often | 多久一次(答频度) | How often do you run? — Twice a week. |
| 三单 -s | 主语三单动词加 -s | He runs in the morning. |
| 频率短语 | twice a week / once a month | I swim once a month. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| food | n. | 食物 | |
| healthy | adj. | 健康的 | |
| vegetable | n. | 蔬菜 | |
| fruit | n. | 水果 | |
| eat | v. | 吃 | |
| drink | v. | 喝 | |
| junk food | phr. | 垃圾食品 | |
| balanced | adj. | 均衡的 | |
| diet | n. | 饮食 | |
| weight | n. | 体重 | |
| fat | n. | 脂肪 | |
| sugar | n. | 糖 |
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| should | 应该(建议) | You should eat more vegetables. |
| shouldn't | 不应该 | You shouldn't eat too much junk food. |
| had better | 最好(后接原形) | You had better drink more water. |
| why not | 为什么不(后接原形) | Why not have some fruit? |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| now | adv. | 现在 | |
| at | prep. | 在(时刻) | |
| watch | v. | 看 | |
| read | v. | 读 | |
| play | v. | 玩 | |
| write | v. | 写 | |
| listen | v. | 听 | |
| study | v. | 学习 | |
| sleep | v. | 睡 | |
| look | v. | 看(动作) | |
| do | v. | 做 | |
| shopping | n. | 购物 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 构成 | be(am/is/are) + doing | I am reading a book. |
| 现在/此刻标志 | now / at the moment / Look! / Listen! | Look! The bus is coming. |
| -ing 变化 | 一般加 ing / 去 e 加 ing / 双写 | running / making / sitting |
| 否定/疑问 | be 后 not / be 提前 | Is she dancing? — Yes, she is. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| weather | n. | 天气 | |
| sunny | adj. | 晴朗的 | |
| rainy | adj. | 下雨的 | |
| windy | adj. | 有风的 | |
| cloudy | adj. | 多云的 | |
| snowy | adj. | 下雪的 | |
| hot | adj. | 热的 | |
| cool | adj. | 凉爽的 | |
| umbrella | n. | 雨伞 | |
| temperature | n. | 温度 | |
| forecast | n. | 预报 | |
| outside | adv. | 在户外 |
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 构成 | be + going to + 原形 | It is going to rain today. |
| 表示 | 计划/打算/迹象 | I am going to visit my grandma. |
| 天气问句 | What's the weather like? / How's the weather? | What's the weather like in Beijing? |
| 否定/疑问 | be 后 not / be 提前 | Is it going to be sunny? |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| remember | v. | 记得 | |
| forget | v. | 忘记 | |
| yesterday | adv. | 昨天 | |
| visit | v. | 拜访 | |
| trip | n. | 旅行 | |
| exciting | adj. | 令人激动的 | |
| memorable | adj. | 难忘的 | |
| take photos | phr. | 拍照 | |
| spend | v. | 花费 | |
| enjoy | v. | 享受 | |
| holiday | n. | 假期 | |
| wonderful | adj. | 精彩的 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 实义动词过去式 | v-ed / 不规则 | I visited my grandma. |
| 否定/疑问 | did not (didn't) + 原形 | Did you enjoy the trip? — Yes, I did. |
| be 过去式 | was / were | We were very happy yesterday. |
| 时间标志 | yesterday / last week / ... ago | Two years ago, I lived here. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| story | n. | 故事 | |
| once | adv. | 从前 | |
| upon | prep. | 之上 | |
| began | v. | 开始(过去) | |
| lived | v. | 居住(过去) | |
| finally | adv. | 最后 | |
| suddenly | adv. | 突然 | |
| hero | n. | 英雄 | |
| journey | n. | 旅程 | |
| brave | adj. | 勇敢的 | |
| ending | n. | 结尾 | |
| magic | n. | 魔法 | |
| moral | n. | 寓意 |
| 要点 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 故事开头 | Once upon a time... | Once upon a time, there lived a king. |
| 叙事连接 | first, then, finally, at last | First he ran, then he jumped. |
| 时间顺序 | past simple 串联情节 | He began his journey the next day. |
| 故事结尾 | The end / The moral is... | The moral is: be brave and kind. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| holiday | n. | 假期 | |
| trip | n. | 旅行 | |
| travel | v. | 旅行 | |
| plan | n./v. | 计划 | |
| visit | v. | 参观 | |
| ticket | n. | 票 | |
| flight | n. | 航班 | |
| hotel | n. | 酒店 | |
| abroad | adv. | 在国外 | |
| culture | n. | 文化 | |
| relax | v. | 放松 | |
| enjoy | v. | 享受 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 构成 | will + 动词原形 | We will travel to Sanya. |
| 表示 | 将来/打算/预测 | I will visit the Great Wall next week. |
| 否定/疑问 | will not (won't) / Will you...? | We won't be late, I think. |
| be going to | 计划(已定) | We are going to leave tomorrow. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| home | n. | 家 | |
| flat | n. | 公寓 | |
| house | n. | 房子 | |
| room | n. | 房间 | |
| window | n. | 窗户 | |
| view | n. | 景色 | |
| neighbour | n. | 邻居 | |
| garden | n. | 花园 | |
| apartment | n. | 公寓 | |
| floor | n. | 楼层 | |
| comfortable | adj. | 舒适的 | |
| live | v. | 居住 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| live in / at | 居住搭配 | I live in a flat. |
| how long | 多久(完成时标志) | How long have you lived here? |
| have been in | have/has + been in + 地点 | I have lived here for ten years. |
| for / since | for 段时 / since 起点 | for 5 years / since 2015 |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| same | adj. | 相同的 | |
| different | adj. | 不同的 | |
| similar | adj. | 相似的 | |
| compare | v. | 比较 | |
| custom | n. | 习俗 | |
| tradition | n. | 传统 | |
| abroad | adv. | 在国外 | |
| country | n. | 国家 | |
| culture | n. | 文化 | |
| language | n. | 语言 | |
| local | adj. | 本地的 | |
| folk | adj. | 民间的 |
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| the same as | 与……相同 | Our custom is the same as theirs. |
| different from | 与……不同(介词 from) | This is different from my home. |
| 比较级 than | 比……(更) | Life here is easier than there. |
| as...as | 与……一样 | It is as interesting as that. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| plant | n. | 植物 | |
| animal | n. | 动物 | |
| endangered | adj. | 濒危的 | |
| protect | v. | 保护 | |
| habitat | n. | 栖息地 | |
| forests | n. | 森林 | |
| ocean | n. | 海洋 | |
| extinct | adj. | 灭绝的 | |
| species | n. | 物种 | |
| bamboo | n. | 竹子 | |
| panda | n. | 熊猫 | |
| wild | adj. | 野生的 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 被动式 | be + 过去分词 | The panda is protected by law. |
| 一般现在被动 | am/is/are + 过去分词 | Forests are cut down every year. |
| 表达保护 | should protect / must protect | We must protect wild animals. |
| 原因 | because of / because | They are endangered because of pollution. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| meal | n. | 一餐 | |
| delicious | adj. | 美味的 | |
| dish | n. | 菜肴 | |
| taste | v./n. | 品尝/味道 | |
| cook | v. | 烹饪 | |
| recipe | n. | 食谱 | |
| ingredient | n. | 食材 | |
| foreign | adj. | 外国的 | |
| cuisine | n. | 菜系 | |
| spicy | adj. | 辣的 | |
| sweet | adj. | 甜的 | |
| salt | n. | 盐 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 定语从句 | 先行词 + that/which + 从句 | I like food which is delicious. |
| that/which | 可指物, 作主/宾 | The dish that he made is great. |
| 修饰人 who | 先行词为人用 who/that | People who like cooking are friendly. |
| 先行词 | 定语从句修饰前面名词 | a city which is famous for food |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| plan | n. | 计划 | |
| goal | n. | 目标 | |
| achieve | v. | 实现 | |
| improve | v. | 改善 | |
| skill | n. | 技能 | |
| practice | v. | 练习 | |
| effort | n. | 努力 | |
| patient | adj. | 耐心的 | |
| succeed | v. | 成功 | |
| failure | n. | 失败 | |
| future | n. | 未来 | |
| dream | n. | 梦想 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 主将从现 | 主句将来 + 从句现在时 | I will succeed when I work hard. |
| when/as soon as | 当……就(主将从现) | Call me as soon as you arrive. |
| if 条件 | if + 现在时, 主句将来时 | If you practice, you will improve. |
| unless | 除非(= if not) | You won't succeed unless you try. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| future | n. | 未来 | |
| tomorrow | n. | 明天 | |
| hope | v. | 希望 | |
| imagine | v. | 想象 | |
| develop | v. | 发展 | |
| technology | n. | 科技 | |
| world | n. | 世界 | |
| robot | n. | 机器人 | |
| predict | v. | 预测 | |
| possibly | adv. | 可能地 | |
| wonderful | adj. | 精彩的 | |
| life | n. | 生活 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| will + 原形 | 表将来 | Robots will do much work in the future. |
| be going to | 计划/迹象 | It is going to be a great day. |
| there will be | 将有 | There will be more robots. |
| 预测 | I think/believe + 从句 | I believe life will be better. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| communicate | v. | 沟通 | |
| express | v. | 表达 | |
| polite | adj. | 有礼貌的 | |
| rude | adj. | 粗鲁的 | |
| body language | phr. | 肢体语言 | |
| nod | v. | 点头 | |
| shake | v. | 摇(握手) | |
| greet | v. | 问候 | |
| culture | n. | 文化 | |
| manner | n. | 方式 | |
| abroad | adv. | 在国外 | |
| respect | v. | 尊重 |
| 场景 | 表达 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 请求许可 | May I / Could I...? | Could I use your pen? |
| 提建议 | How about / Why don't you...? | Why don't you try again? |
| 表示歉意 | I'm sorry / Excuse me | I'm sorry I was late. |
| 礼貌回应 | Of course / Never mind | Never mind. It's OK. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| relax | v. | 放松 | |
| rest | n./v. | 休息 | |
| free time | phr. | 空闲时间 | |
| hobby | n. | 爱好 | |
| interest | n. | 兴趣 | |
| enjoy | v. | 享受 | |
| stressed | adj. | 有压力的 | |
| stressful | adj. | 令人紧张的 | |
| leisure | n. | 闲暇 | |
| collect | v. | 收集 | |
| peaceful | adj. | 宁静的 | |
| unwind | v. | 放松身心 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| -ing 形容词 | 表事物性质(令人……) | This is an interesting film. |
| -ed 形容词 | 表人的感受(感到……) | I am interested in music. |
| 搭配 | be interested in / be excited about | She is excited about the trip. |
| 对比 | film 令人 / I 感到 | The film is exciting. I am excited. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| illness | n. | 疾病 | |
| cough | n./v. | 咳嗽 | |
| fever | n. | 发烧 | |
| headache | n. | 头痛 | |
| sick | adj. | 生病的 | |
| hospital | n. | 医院 | |
| doctor | n. | 医生 | |
| medicine | n. | 药 | |
| rest | v. | 休息 | |
| take care of | phr. | 照顾 | |
| temperature | n. | 体温 | |
| improve | v. | 好转 |
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have a + 病 | have a cold/headache/fever | He has a fever. You should rest. |
| should | 应该(建议) | You should see a doctor. |
| shouldn't | 不应该 | You shouldn't stay up late. |
| if 建议 | if + 症状, 主句 should | If you have a fever, take some medicine. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| grow | v. | 成长 | |
| change | n./v. | 变化 | |
| tall | adj. | 高的 | |
| strong | adj. | 强壮的 | |
| confidence | n. | 自信 | |
| brave | adj. | 勇敢的 | |
| experience | n. | 经历 | |
| challenge | n. | 挑战 | |
| develop | v. | 培养 | |
| mature | adj. | 成熟的 | |
| teenager | n. | 青少年 | |
| independent | adj. | 独立的 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 构成 | have/has + 过去分词 | I have grown a lot since then. |
| 表示 | 过去发生影响现在/持续 | I have learned many lessons from life. |
| have been to | 去过(已回) | I have been to the park twice. |
| have gone to | 去了(未回) | He has gone to Shanghai. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wonder | n. | 奇观 | |
| nature | n. | 自然 | |
| mountain | n. | 山 | |
| river | n. | 河 | |
| forest | n. | 森林 | |
| beach | n. | 海滩 | |
| climb | v. | 攀登 | |
| landscapes | n. | 风景 | |
| view | n. | 景色 | |
| amazing | adj. | 令人惊叹的 | |
| scenic | adj. | 风景优美的 | |
| trip | n. | 旅行 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 最高级 | the + adj. + -est / most | This is the tallest mountain in Asia. |
| in/on 范围 | in + 大地方, on + 表面 | the most beautiful in the world |
| 比较级 than | 比……(更) | This river is longer than that one. |
| 描述 | as famous as / be known for | It is famous for its old temples. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| storm | n. | 风暴 | |
| earthquake | n. | 地震 | |
| flood | n. | 洪水 | |
| typhoon | n. | 台风 | |
| hurricane | n. | 飓风 | |
| warning | n. | 预警 | |
| dangerous | adj. | 危险的 | |
| prepare | v. | 准备 | |
| safety | n. | 安全 | |
| emergency | n. | 紧急情况 | |
| rescue | v. | 营救 | |
| signal | n. | 警报 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在被动 | am/is/are + 过去分词 | The bridge is built in 1900. |
| 一般过去被动 | was/were + 过去分词 | Many houses were destroyed by the flood. |
| 一般将来被动 | will be + 过去分词 | A new hospital will be built next year. |
| 情态被动 | can/must be + 过去分词 | Fire must be kept away from gas. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| culture | n. | 文化 | |
| custom | n. | 习俗 | |
| foreign | adj. | 外国的 | |
| local | adj. | 本地的 | |
| abroad | adv. | 在国外 | |
| tradition | n. | 传统 | |
| manner | n. | 方式 | |
| table manners | phr. | 餐桌礼仪 | |
| gift | n. | 礼物 | |
| respect | v. | 尊重 | |
| understand | v. | 理解 | |
| different | adj. | 不同的 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| who/that | 先行词为人 | People who live abroad open their minds. |
| which/that | 先行词为物 | A culture which is different is interesting. |
| where | 先行词为地点 | The country where I want to live is friendly. |
| whom | 作宾语(可省) | The man (whom) I met is kind. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| book | n. | 书 | |
| novel | n. | 小说 | |
| story | n. | 故事 | |
| author | n. | 作者 | |
| read | v. | 阅读 | |
| character | n. | 人物 | |
| plot | n. | 情节 | |
| genre | n. | 体裁 | |
| imagination | n. | 想象力 | |
| favourite | adj. | 最喜爱的 | |
| page | n. | 页 | |
| cover | n. | 封面 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have read | 已经读过 | I have read this novel twice. |
| since/for | since 去年 / for 两年 | I have read it since last year. |
| ever/never | 曾经/从未(完成时) | Have you ever read a Chinese novel? |
| so far | 到目前为止(完成时) | I have read ten books so far. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| difference | n. | 差异/影响 | |
| make a difference | phr. | 产生影响 | |
| contribute | v. | 贡献 | |
| volunteer | n. | 志愿者 | |
| charity | n. | 慈善 | |
| society | n. | 社会 | |
| change | n. | 改变 | |
| help | v. | 帮助 | |
| environment | n. | 环境 | |
| improve | v. | 改善 | |
| impact | n. | 影响 | |
| action | n. | 行动 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| make a difference | 产生影响 | Volunteers make a big difference. |
| to do 目的 | 表目的(为了) | We should plant trees to protect the environment. |
| 定语从句 | 修饰名词 | People who help others make the world better. |
| so that | 以便(目的从句) | We save water so that we can use it later. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| change | n./v. | 变化 | |
| world | n. | 世界 | |
| develop | v. | 发展 | |
| society | n. | 社会 | |
| progress | n. | 进步 | |
| modern | adj. | 现代的 | |
| technology | n. | 科技 | |
| improve | v. | 改善 | |
| lifestyle | n. | 生活方式 | |
| future | n. | 未来 | |
| generation | n. | 一代人 | |
| differently | adv. | 不同地 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 构成 | had + 过去分词 | The city had changed a lot by 2000. |
| 表示 | 过去的过去 | Before I moved here, it had rained all week. |
| than/before 标志 | 与过去某时对比 | She had studied English for 5 years before she came. |
| 否定/疑问 | had not / Had you...? | I hadn't seen the film before. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| inspire | v. | 鼓舞 | |
| hero | n. | 英雄 | |
| role model | phr. | 榜样 | |
| achievement | n. | 成就 | |
| succeed | v. | 成功 | |
| courage | n. | 勇气 | |
| persistence | n. | 坚持 | |
| famous | adj. | 著名的 | |
| admire | v. | 钦佩 | |
| overcome | v. | 克服 | |
| goal | n. | 目标 | |
| influence | n. | 影响 | |
| brave | adj. | 勇敢的 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 过去时 | 具体过去时间点 | She became a doctor in 2010. |
| 完成时 | 对现在的影响 | She has helped thousands of patients. |
| since 起点 | since + 时点 + 完成时 | He has worked here since 2015. |
| last/then | 过去标志用过去时 | Last year he received an award. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| study | v. | 学习 | |
| method | n. | 方法 | |
| skill | n. | 技能 | |
| improve | v. | 提高 | |
| practice | v. | 练习 | |
| memory | n. | 记忆 | |
| review | v. | 复习 | |
| take notes | phr. | 做笔记 | |
| efficient | adj. | 高效的 | |
| habit | n. | 习惯 | |
| goal | n. | 目标 | |
| understand | v. | 理解 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| because | 因为(原因) | We study hard because we want to succeed. |
| because of | 因为(+ 名词/短语) | Because of rain, the game was delayed. |
| if 条件 | if + 现在时, 主将来 | If you practice, you will improve. |
| unless | 除非(否定条件) | You won't succeed unless you try. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| memory | n. | 记忆 | |
| remember | v. | 记得 | |
| forget | v. | 忘记 | |
| childhood | n. | 童年 | |
| experience | n. | 经历 | |
| precious | adj. | 珍贵的 | |
| past | n. | 过去 | |
| moment | n. | 时刻 | |
| recall | v. | 回忆 | |
| impress | v. | 使印象深刻 | |
| forever | adv. | 永远 | |
| treasure | n. | 珍宝 | |
| lively | adj. | 生动的 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| had done | 过去的过去 | I had forgotten that day until I saw the photo. |
| by 某时点 | 到那时为止(完成时) | By the end of last year, I had read ten books. |
| used to | 过去常常(现已不) | I used to live in a small village. |
| 记忆动词 | remember/forget + doing | I remember reading this story. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| idea | n. | 想法 | |
| thought | n. | 思想 | |
| express | v. | 表达 | |
| opinion | n. | 观点 | |
| agree | v. | 同意 | |
| disagree | v. | 不同意 | |
| persuade | v. | 说服 | |
| reason | n. | 理由 | |
| influence | n. | 影响 | |
| creative | adj. | 有创意的 | |
| believe | v. | 相信 | |
| point | n. | 观点 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 宾语从句 | 主句 + that/whether + 从句 | I believe that practice makes perfect. |
| 陈述语序 | 从句用陈述语序(非疑问) | Do you know what he said? |
| 时态呼应 | 主过从过 | He said that he was tired. |
| whether/if | 是否(选择疑问) | I wonder whether he is right. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| space | n. | 太空 | |
| earth | n. | 地球 | |
| planet | n. | 行星 | |
| star | n. | 星星 | |
| rocket | n. | 火箭 | |
| astronaut | n. | 宇航员 | |
| explore | v. | 探索 | |
| satellite | n. | 卫星 | |
| universe | n. | 宇宙 | |
| gravity | n. | 重力 | |
| galaxy | n. | 星系 | |
| discover | v. | 发现 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 宾语从句 | 主句 + that + 从句 | Scientists say that the earth is round. |
| 从句语序 | 疑问词 + 陈述语序 | Can you tell me where the station is? |
| 现在被动 | am/is/are + 过去分词 | The moon is lit by the sun. |
| there be | 某处有 | There are many stars in the sky. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| music | n. | 音乐 | |
| rhythm | n. | 节奏 | |
| melody | n. | 旋律 | |
| beat | n. | 节拍 | |
| instrument | n. | 乐器 | |
| lyrics | n. | 歌词 | |
| feelings | n. | 情感 | |
| enjoyable | adj. | 令人愉悦的 | |
| perform | v. | 表演 | |
| composer | n. | 作曲家 | |
| listen | v. | 听 | |
| mood | n. | 心情 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| that 从句 | 陈述事实(that 可省) | I know (that) music brings joy. |
| what 从句 | 表示……的东西 | What I like most is the rhythm. |
| how 从句 | 如何 | Tell me how to play the guitar. |
| why 从句 | 为什么 | I don't know why he chose this song. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| game | n. | 比赛 | |
| competition | n. | 竞赛 | |
| player | n. | 运动员 | |
| team | n. | 队 | |
| match | n. | 比赛 | |
| win | v. | 获胜 | |
| spirit | n. | 精神 | |
| fair | adj. | 公平的 | |
| sweat | n. | 汗水 | |
| glory | n. | 荣耀 | |
| effort | n. | 努力 | |
| champion | n. | 冠军 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| who 从句 | 先行词为人 | The player who scored the goal is my idol. |
| 比较级 + than | 比……(更) | She is faster than any other player. |
| the + 最高级 | 最…… | He is the best player on the team. |
| not only...but also | 不但……而且 | The game is not only fun but also educational. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| celebrate | v. | 庆祝 | |
| festival | n. | 节日 | |
| mid-autumn | n. | 中秋 | |
| lantern | n. | 灯笼 | |
| spring festival | phr. | 春节 | |
| fireworks | n. | 烟花 | |
| reunion | n. | 团圆 | |
| custom | n. | 习俗 | |
| traditional | adj. | 传统的 | |
| gather | v. | 团聚 | |
| mooncake | n. | 月饼 | |
| joy | n. | 欢乐 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have/has done | 已经做过 | We have celebrated the Mid-Autumn Festival for thousands of years. |
| since/for | since 1300 / for 800 years | It has been celebrated since the Tang Dynasty. |
| ever/never | 曾经/从未 | Have you ever eaten mooncakes? |
| just/yet/already | 刚刚/还(否定疑问)/已经 | I have just finished the cake. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| past | n. | 过去 | |
| ancient | adj. | 古代的 | |
| history | n. | 历史 | |
| dynasty | n. | 朝代 | |
| palace | n. | 宫殿 | |
| artifact | n. | 文物 | |
| museum | n. | 博物馆 | |
| exhibit | v. | 展览 | |
| civilization | n. | 文明 | |
| discovery | n. | 发现 | |
| ruins | n. | 废墟 | |
| heritage | n. | 遗产 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| had done | 过去的过去 | By 1900, the old palace had been repaired. |
| 一般过去被动 | was/were + 过去分词 | The temple was built 800 years ago. |
| by 时点 | 到……时(完成时) | By the 14th century, the city had become large. |
| used to | 过去常常 | People used to write on bamboo. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| art | n. | 艺术 | |
| painting | n. | 绘画 | |
| sculpture | n. | 雕塑 | |
| opera | n. | 歌剧 | |
| calligraphy | n. | 书法 | |
| creative | adj. | 有创意的 | |
| express | v. | 表达 | |
| masterpiece | n. | 杰作 | |
| style | n. | 风格 | |
| colour | n. | 颜色 | |
| gallery | n. | 美术馆 | |
| impress | v. | 使印象深刻 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| which/that | 先行词为物 | A painting which shows life is true art. |
| who/that | 先行词为人 | The artist who created it is famous. |
| 比较级 | 比……(更) | This painting is more beautiful than that one. |
| as...as | 与……一样 | His work is as famous as Van Gogh's. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| reduce | v. | 减少 | |
| reuse | v. | 重复使用 | |
| recycle | v. | 回收 | |
| environment | n. | 环境 | |
| pollution | n. | 污染 | |
| waste | n. | 废物 | |
| sustainable | adj. | 可持续的 | |
| plastic | n. | 塑料 | |
| protect | v. | 保护 | |
| save | v. | 节约 | |
| green | adj. | 绿色的 | |
| earth | n. | 地球 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| should recycle | 应该回收 | We should recycle paper and plastic. |
| had better | 最好(后接原形) | We had better save water. |
| 被动语态 | be + 过去分词 | Plastic bags should be kept out of rivers. |
| to do 目的 | 表目的 | We use cloth bags to reduce plastic. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| beginning | n. | 开始 | |
| future | n. | 未来 | |
| challenge | n. | 挑战 | |
| opportunity | n. | 机会 | |
| graduate | v. | 毕业 | |
| goal | n. | 目标 | |
| determination | n. | 决心 | |
| adventure | n. | 冒险 | |
| success | n. | 成功 | |
| hope | n. | 希望 | |
| journey | n. | 旅程 | |
| brave | adj. | 勇敢的 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 主将从现 | 主句将来 + 从句现在 | I will succeed if I work hard. |
| 宾语从句 | 主句 + that/whether | I believe that I will be successful. |
| when 从句 | 当……就(主将从现) | When I graduate, I will go to college. |
| hope that | 希望(宾语从句) | I hope that you will remember us. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| drama | n. | 戏剧 | |
| character | n. | 角色 | |
| dialogue | n. | 对话 | |
| scene | n. | 场景 | |
| act | n. | 幕 | |
| stage | n. | 舞台 | |
| line | n. | 台词 | |
| perform | v. | 表演 | |
| audience | n. | 观众 | |
| plot | n. | 情节 | |
| conflict | n. | 冲突 | |
| ending | n. | 结局 | |
| improvise | v. | 即兴表演 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 直接引语 | 原话(引号) | "I am going to the party," she said. |
| 间接引语 | 转述(去引号, 时态后退) | She said that she was going to the party. |
| 陈述句后退 | 现在→过去 | He said he likes music. (→ liked) |
| 问句后退 | 疑问语序→陈述语序 | "Where are you?" → He asked where I was. |
| 词 | 词性 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| letter | n. | 信 | |
| postcard | n. | 明信片 | |
| memory | n. | 记忆 | |
| sincere | adj. | 真诚的 | |
| gratitude | n. | 感激 | |
| friendship | n. | 友谊 | |
| promise | n. | 承诺 | |
| sorrow | n. | 悲伤 | |
| hope | n. | 希望 | |
| forever | adv. | 永远 | |
| treasure | n. | 珍视 | |
| wish | v. | 祝愿 |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| had done | 过去的过去 | I had forgotten her kindness until I read the letter. |
| should do(建议) | 应该(委婉) | You should write to your old friends. |
| if 虚拟(现在) | if + 过去时, 主 should | If I were you, I would apologize. |
| wish that | 希望(愿望) | I wish that we could meet again. |
| 时态 | 结构 | 标志词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般现在 | do / does | always, every day | He gets up at six. |
| 现在进行 | be doing | now, Look! | I am reading now. |
| 一般过去 | did / 过去式 | yesterday, last | She visited Paris last year. |
| 过去进行 | was doing | at 8 last night | I was sleeping at 8. |
| 一般将来 | will do / be going to | tomorrow, next | It will rain tomorrow. |
| 现在完成 | have done | already, since, for | I have finished my work. |
| 过去完成 | had done | by 时点, 过去的过去 | I had left before he came. |
| 过去将来 | would do | 主将从现从句中 | He said he would come. |
| 项目 | 规则 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般过去式 | -ed / 不规则 | walked, watched, did |
| 过去分词 | -ed / 不规则 | done, written, gone |
| 现在分词 | -ing(去e/双写) | making, running |
| 三单现在时 | -s / -es / -ies | goes, study→studies |
| 不规则(高频) | 无规则，需记 | go-went-gone, eat-ate-eaten |
| 时态 | 被动结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在 | am/is/are + 过去分词 | English is spoken here. |
| 一般过去 | was/were + 过去分词 | The bridge was built in 1900. |
| 一般将来 | will be + 过去分词 | A new school will be built. |
| 现在进行 | be being + 过去分词 | The road is being repaired. |
| 现在完成 | have been + 过去分词 | The work has been finished. |
| 情态 | can/must be + 过去分词 | Rules must be followed. |
| 关系词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| who / that | 先行词是人，作主/宾 | The man who lives here is kind. |
| which / that | 先行词是物，作主/宾 | A book which is useful helps me. |
| where | 先行词是地点，作状语 | The city where I was born is big. |
| when | 先行词是时间，作状语 | The day when we met was rainy. |
| whose | 表所属(……的) | The boy whose bag was lost is sad. |
| 类型 | 引导词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 时间 | when / as soon as / until | I will call you when I arrive. |
| 条件 | if / unless | If it rains, we will stay home. |
| 原因 | because / so(不连用) | I stayed home because it rained. |
| 结果 | so that | I ran so that I would be on time. |
| 让步 | although(不与 but 连用) | Although he is young, he is brave. |
| 类型 | 位置 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 宾语从句 | 动词/介词后 | I think (that) he is right. |
| 主语从句 | 句首 | What he said is true. |
| 表语从句 | 系动词后 | The question is whether he will come. |
| whether / if | 是否 | I don't know if he is here. |
| 句型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| SV | 主语 + 系动词 | She is a teacher. |
| SVO | 主 + 谓 + 宾 | I love English. |
| SVI0 | 主 + 谓 + 双宾 | He gave me a book. |
| SVOC | 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 | We call him Tom. |
| SVOO | 主 + 谓 + 介宾 | She put the book on the desk. |
| 类别 | 规则 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| 名词复数 | +s / +es / -ies | book→books, box→boxes, child→children |
| 形容词比较级 | -er / more | tall→taller, beautiful→more beautiful |
| 形容词最高级 | -est / most | tall→tallest, useful→most useful |
| 副词比较级 | -er / more | quickly→more quickly |
| 动词过去式 | +ed / 不规则 | work→worked, go→went |
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| look for | 寻找 | I am looking for my keys. |
| look after | 照顾 | She looks after her little brother. |
| take care of | 照料 | Please take care of this plant. |
| grow up | 长大 | He grew up in a small town. |
| make a difference | 产生影响 | Small actions make a big difference. |
| 词对 | 区别 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| say / speak / talk | 说内容/说语言/交谈 | She said hello. / Speak English. / They talked about food. |
| say / tell | say 后接话 / tell 后接人 | He told me a story. |
| hear / listen | 听见(结果)/听(动作) | I heard a noise. / Listen to me. |
| see / watch | 看到(结果)/观看(过程) | I saw a bird. / Watch TV. |
| a lot of / a little / few | 许多/少量/几乎没有 | a lot of water, a little time, few friends |
| # | 考点 | 一句话要点 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | be 动词 | am 配 I，is 配他她它，are 配 you 和复数 |
| 2 | 一般现在时 | 三单动词加 -s/-es，does 之后要还原 |
| 3 | 现在进行时 | be + doing，Look! Listen! 是信号 |
| 4 | 一般过去时 | 动词过去式，did 之后用原形 |
| 5 | 一般将来时 | will do 或 be going to，主将从现要牢记 |
| 6 | 现在完成时 | have/has + 过去分词，since/for 常相伴 |
| 7 | 被动语态 | be + 过去分词，by 表施动者 |
| 8 | 定语从句 | 先行词定关系词，主宾 who/which，状语 where/when |
| 9 | 宾语从句 | 陈述语序 + 时态呼应，疑问词后主谓不倒装 |
| 10 | 比较级/最高级 | 二者比 -er + than，三者比 the + -est |
| 层次 | 写法 | 万能句型 |
|---|---|---|
| 开头 | 点题/引出 | I think / In my opinion, ... |
| 主体1 | 第一点 + 解释 | Firstly, ... For example, ... |
| 主体2 | 第二点 + 解释 | Secondly, ... What's more, ... |
| 主体3 | 第三点/转折 | Lastly, ... However, ... |
| 结尾 | 总结/升华 | In a word, ... I believe that ... |